[INDIA ACT XXXIII, 1920.]
(9th September, 1920.)

1. * * * *

2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, —
(a) “measurements” include finger impressions and foot-print impressions;
(b) “police officer” means an officer in charge of a police-station, a police officer making an investigation under Chapter XIV of the Code of Criminal Procedure, or any other police officer not below the rank of sub-inspector;
(c) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act ; and
(d) “specimen” of a person’s handwriting means such words or figures or both, written by that person, as may be sufficient for the comparison of that person’s handwriting with another.

3. Every person who has been—
(a) convicted of any offence punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards, or of any offence which would render him liable to enhanced punishment on a subsequent conviction, or
(b) ordered to give security for his good behaviour under section 118 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, or
(c) ordered to remove himself or cause to be removed from the Union of Burma under section 3 or 17 of the Foreigners Act,
shall, if so required, allow his measurements and photograph to be taken by a police officer in the prescribed manner.

4. Any person who has been arrested in connection with an offence punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards shall, if so required by a police officer, allow his measurements to be taken in the prescribed manner.

4A. Any person who has been arrested in connection with an offence punishable with imprisonment for a term of six months or upwards shall, if so required by a police officer, furnish a specimen of his handwriting or signature in the prescribed manner:
Provided that if time person refuses to comply with such requisition he shall be taken before a Magistrate of time first class for an order determining whether, in the circumstances of the case, the requisition is reasonable; and if the Magistrate determines that the requisition is not reasonable, no further action shall be taken.

5. If a Magistrate is satisfied that, for the purposes of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, it is expedient to direct any person to allow his measurements or photograph to be taken or to furnish a specimen of his hand writing or signature, he may make an order to that effect, and in that case the person to whom the order relates shall be produced or shall attend at the time and place specified in the order and shall comply with the order:
Provided that no order shall be made directing any person to be photographed or to furnish a specimen of his handwriting or signature except by a Magistrate of the first class:
Provided, further, that no order shall be made under this section unless the person has at some time been arrested in connection with such investigation or proceeding.

6. (1) If any person who under this Act is required to allow his measurements or photograph to be taken resists or refuses to allow the taking of the same, it shall be lawful to use all means necessary to secure the taking thereof.
(2) Resistance to or refusal to allow the taking of measurements or photographs or to furnish a specimen of his handwriting or signature under this Act shall be deemed to be an offence under section 186 of the Penal Code.

7. Where any person who, not having been previously convicted of an offence punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards, has had his measurements taken or has been photographed in accordance with the provisions of this Act is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by any Court, all measurements and all photographs (both negatives and copies) so taken shall, unless the Court or (in a case where such person is released without trial) the District Magistrate or Sub-Divisional Officer for reasons to be recorded in writing otherwise directs, be destroyed or made over to him.

8. (1) The President of the Union may make rules for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular and without prejudice to time generality of time foregoing provisions, such rules may provide for—
(a) restrictions on the exercise of powers under this Act;
(b) the places at which measurements and photographs may be taken;
(c) the nature of the measurements that may be taken;
(d) the method in which any class or classes of measurements shall be taken;
(e) the dress to be worn by a person when being photographed under section 3;
(f) the preservation, safe custody, destruction and disposal of records of measurements and photographs ; and
(g) the manner in which specimens of handwriting or signatures shall be furnished.

9. No suit or other proceeding shall lie against any person for anything done, or intended to be done, in good faith under this Act or under any rule made.

[ INDIA ACT III, 1900. ]
( 2nd February, 1900.)

PART I.

PREI.IMINARY.

1. * * * *

2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,
(a) "Court" includes any officer lawfully exercising civil, criminal or revenue jurisdiction; and

(b) "prison" includes any place which has been declared by the Governor, by general or special order, to be a subsidiary jail.


PART II.

GENERAL.

3. The officer in charge of a prison shall receive and detain all persons duly committed to his custody, under this Act or otherwise, by any Court, according to he exigency of any writ, warrant or order by which such person has been committed, or until such person is discharged or removed in due course of law.

4. The officer in charge of a prison shall forthwith, after the execution of every such writ, order or warrant as aforesaid, other than a warrant of commitment for trial, or after the discharge of the person committed thereby, return such writ, order or warrant to the Court by which the same was issued or made, together with a certificate, endorsed thereon and signed by him, showing how the same has been executed, or why the person committed thereby has been discharged from custody before the execution thereof.

PART III.


5--- 13. * * * *

PART IV.


14. * * * *


¹15. Officer in charge of prisons may give effect to any sentence or order or arrant for the detention of any person passed or issued by any Court or tribunal acting, whether within or without the Union of Burma, under the general or special authority of the President of the Union.

16. A warrant under the official signature of an officer of such Court or tribunal as is referred to in section 15 shall be sufficient authority for holding any person in confinement, or for sending any person for transportation, in pursuance of the sentence passed upon him.

17. (1) Where an officer in charge of a prison doubts the legality of a warrant or order sent to him for execution under this Part, or the competency of the person whose official seal or signature is affixed thereto to pass the sentence and issue the warrant or order, he shall refer the matter to the President of the Union, by whose order on the case he and all other public officers shall be guided as to the future disposal of the prisoner.
(2) Pending a reference made under sub-section (1), the prisoner shall be detained in such manner and with such restrictions or mitigations as may be specified in the warrant or order.

²18. * * * *

***FOOT NOTE
1. Substituted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.
2. Deleted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.


PART V.¹

¹19. --- 27. * * * *

PART VI.

REMOVAL, OF PRISONERS.

28. * * * *

¹29. * * * *
(2) The President of the Union and (subject to the orders of the President of the Union) the Inspector-¬General of Prisons may, by general or special order, provide for the removal of any prisoner confined as aforesaid in a prison in the Union of Burma to any other prison in the Union of Burma, or to any lunatic asylum in the Union of Burma for the purpose of observation as to the mental condition of any such prisoner.

30. (1) Where it appears to the President of the Union that any person detained or imprisoned under any order or sentence of any Court is of unsound mind, the President of the Union may, by a warrant setting forth the grounds of belief that the person is of unsound mind, order his removal to a lunatic asylum or other place of safe custody within the Union of Burma, there to be kept and treated as the President of the Union directs during the remainder of the term for which he has been ordered or sentenced to be detained or imprisoned, or, if on the expiration of that term it is certified by a medical officer hat it is necessary for the safety of the prisoner or others that he should be further detained under medical care or treatment, then until he is discharged according to law.
(2) Where it appears to the President of the Union that the prisoner has become of sound mind, the President of the Union shall, by a warrant directed to the person having charge of the prisoner, if still liable to be kept in custody, remand him to the prison front which he was removed, or to another prison within the Union of Burma, or, if the prisoner is no longer liable to be kept mi custody, order him to he discharged.
(3) The provisions of section.31 of the Lunacy Act shall apply to every person confined in a lunatic asylum under sub-section (1) after the expiration of the term for which he was ordered or sentenced to be detained or imprisoned; and the time during which a prisoner is confined in a lunatic asylum under that sub-section shall reckoned as part of the term of detention or imprisonment which he may have been ordered or sentenced by the Court to undergo.
¹(4)
31. * * * *


PART VII.

PERSONS UNDER SENTENCE OF TRANSPORTATION.


32. (1) The President of the Union may appoint places within the Union of Burma to which persons under sentence of transportation shall be sent; and the President of the Union, or some officer duly authorized in this behalf by the President of the Union, shall give orders for the removal of such persons to the places so appointed, except when sentence of transportation is passed on a person already undergoing transportation under a sentence previously passed for another offence.

***FOOT NOTE
1. Deleted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.

¹(2) In any case in which the President of the Union is competent under sub-section (1) to appoint places within Union of Burma and to order the removal thereto of persons under sentence of transportation, the President of the Union may appoint such places in any State outside the Union of Burma by agreement with the Government of the State, and may by like agreement give orders or duly authorize some officer to give orders for the removal thereto of such persons.

PART VIII.

DISCHARGE OF PRISONERS.

33. The High Court may, in any case in which it has recommended to ²[the President of the Union] the granting of a free pardon to any prisoner, permit him to be at liberty on his own recognizance.


PART IX.

PROVISIONS FOR REQUIRING THE ATTENDANCE OF PRISONERS AND OBTAINING
THEIR EVIDENCE.

Attendance of Prisoners in Court.

34. * * * *
35. Subject to the provisions of section 39, any civil Court may, if it thinks that the evidence of any person confined in any prison within the local limits of the appellate jurisdiction of the High Court is material in any matter pending before it, make an order in the form set forth in the first schedule, directed to the officer in charge of the prison.

36. (1) Where an order under section 35 is made in any civil matter pending —
(a) in a Court subordinate to tile District Judge, or
(b) in a Court of Small Causes,
it shall not be forwarded to the officer to whom it is directed, or acted upon by him, until it has been submitted to, and countersigned by,—
(i) the District Judge to which the Court is subordinate, or
(ii) the District Judge within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the Court of Small Causes is situate.
(2) Every order submitted to the District Judge under sub-section (1) shall be accompanied by a statement, under the hand of the Judge of the subordinate Court or Court of Small Causes, as the case may be, of the facts which in his opinion render the order necessary, and the District Judge may, after considering such statement, decline to countersign the order.

***FOOT NOTE
1. Amended by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.
2. Substituted by ibid.

37. Subject to the provisions of section 39, any criminal Court may, if it thinks that the evidence of any person confined in any prison within the local limits of the appellate jurisdiction of the High Court is material in any matter pending before it, or if a charge of an offence against such person is made or pending, make an order in the form set forth in the first or second schedule, as the case may be, directed to the officer in charge of the prison:
Provided that if such criminal Court is inferior to time Court of a Magistrate of the first class, the order shall be submitted to, and countersigned by, the District Magistrate to whose Court such criminal Court is subordinate or within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such criminal Court is situated.

38. Where any person, for whose attendance an order as in this Part provided is made, is confined in any district other than that in which the Court making or countersigning the order is situate, the order shall be sent by the Court by which it is made or countersigned to the District or Sub-divisional Magistrate within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the person is confined, and that Magistrate shall cause it to be delivered to the officer in charge of the prison in which the person is confined.

39. (1) Where a person is confined in a prison more than one hundred miles distant from the place where any Court, subordinate to the High Court, in which his evidence is required, is held, time Judge or presiding officer of the Court in which the evidence is so required, shall, if he thinks that such person should be removed under this Part for the purpose of giving evidence in such Court, and if the prison is within the local limits of the appellate jurisdiction of the High Court to which such Court is subordinate, apply in writing to the High Court, and the High Court may, if it thinks fit, make an order in the form set forth in the first schedule, direct to the officer in charge of the prison.
(2) The High Court making an order under sub-section (1) shall send it to the District or Sub-Divisional Magistrate within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the person named therein is confined, and such Magistrate shall cause it to be deliver to the officer in charge of the prison in which the person is confined.

40. * * * *

41. Upon delivery of any order under this Part to the officer in charge of the prison in which the person named therein is confined, that officer shall cause him to be taken to the Court in which his attendance is required, so as to be present in the Court at the time in such order mentioned, and shall cause him to be detained in custody in or near the Court until he has been examined or until the Judge or presiding officer of the Court authorizes him to be taken back to time prison in which he was confined.

42. The President of the Union may, by notification in the Gazette, direct that any person or any class of persons shall not be removed from the prison in which he or they may be confined; and thereupon, and so long as such notification remains in force, the provisions of this Part, other than those contained in sections 44 to 46, shall not apply to such person or class of persons.

43. In any of the following cases, that is to say,—
(a) where the person named in any order made under section 35, section 37 or section 39 appears to be, from sickness or other infirmity, unfit to be removed, the officer in charge of the prison in which he is confined shall apply to the District or Sub-divisional Magistrate within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the prison is situate and if such Magistrate, by writing under his hand, declares himself to be of opinion that the person named in the order is, from sickness or other infirmity, unfit to be removed; or
(b) where the person named in any such order is under committal for trial ; or
(c) where the person named in any such order is under a remand pending trial or pending a preliminary investigation ; or
(d) where the person named in any such order is in custody for a period which would expire before the expiration of the time required for removing him under this Part and for taking him back to the prison in which he is confined;
the officer in charge of the prison shall abstain from carrying out the order, and shall send to the Court from which the order has been issued a statement of the reason for so abstaining :
Provided that such officer as aforesaid shall not so abstain where—
(i) the order has been made under section 37 ; and
(ii) the person named in the order is confined under committal for trial, or under a remand pending trial or pending a preliminary investigation, and does not appear to be, from sickness or other infirmity, unfit to be removed; and
(iii) the place, where the evidence of the person named in the order is required, is not more than five miles distant from time prison in which he is confined.

Commissions for Examination of Prisoners.

44. In any of the following cases, that is to say,—
(a) where it appears to any civil Court that the evidence of a person confined in any prison within the local limits of the appellate jurisdiction of the High Court who, for any of the causes mentioned in section 42 or section 43, cannot be removed, is material in any matter pending before it ; or
(b) where it appears to any such Court as aforesaid that the evidence of a person confined in any prison so situate and more than ten miles distant from the place at which such Court is held, is material in any such matter ; or
(c) where the District Judge declines, under section 36, to countersign an order for removal;
the Court may, if it thinks fit, issue a commission, under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, for the examination of the person in the prison in which lie is confined.

45. * * * *

46. Every commission for the examination of a person issued under section 44 shall be directed to the District Judge within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the prison in which the person is confined is situate, and the District Judge shall commit the execution of the commission to the officer in charge of the prison, or to such other person as he may think fit.


Service of Process on Prisoners.

47. When any process directed to any person confined in any prison is issued from any criminal or revenue Court, it may be served by exhibiting to the officer in charge of the prison the original of the process and depositing with him a copy thereof.

48. (1) Every officer in charge of a prison upon whom service is made under section 47 shall, as soon as may be, cause the copy of the process deposited with him to be shown and explained to the person to whom it is directed, and shall thereupon endorse upon the process and sign a certificate to the effect that such person as aforesaid is confined in the prison under his charge and has been shown and had explained to him a copy of the process.
(2) Such certificate as aforesaid shall be Prima facie evidence of the service of the process, and, if the person to whom the process is directed requests that the copy shown and explained to him be sent to any other person and provides the cost of sending it by post, the officer in charge of the prison shall cause it to be so sent.


Miscellaneous.

49. * * * *

50. No order in any civil matter shall be made by a Court under any of the provisions of this Part until the amount of the costs and charges of the execution of such order (to be determined by the Court) is deposited in such Court:
Provided that, if upon any application for such order it appears to the Court to which the application is made that the applicant has not sufficient means to meet the said costs and charges, time Court may pay the same out of any fund applicable to the contingent expenses of such Court, and every sum so expended may be recovered by the Government from any person ordered by the Court to pay the same, as if it were costs in a suit recoverable under the Code of Civil Procedure.

51. (1) The President of the Union may make rules —
(a) for regulating the escort of prisoners to and from Courts in which their attendance is required and for their custody during the period of such attendance ;
(b) for regulating the amount to be allowed for the costs and charges of such escort; and
(c) for the guidance of officers in all other matters connected with the enforcement of this Part.
(2) All rules made under sub-section (1) shall be published in the Gazette, and shall, from the date of such publication, have the same force as if enacted by this Act.

52. The President of the Union may declare what officer shall, for the purposes of this Part, be deemed to be the officer in charge of a prison.


THE FIRST SCHEDULE.

(See sections 35 and 37).

Court of
To the officer in charge of the (state name of Prison).

You are hereby required to produce , now a prisoner in
, under safe and sure conduct before time Court of at
on the day of next by
of the clock in the forenoon of the same day, there to give evidence in a matter now pending before the said Court, and after the said has then
and there given his evidence before the said Court or the said Court has dispensed with his further attendance cause him to be conveyed under safe and sure conduct back to the prison.
The day of
A.B.

(Countersigned) C. D.
THE SECOND SCHEDULE.
(See section 37).

Court of
To the officer in charge of the (state name of Prison).

You are hereby required to produce , now a prisoner in
, under safe and sure conduct before the Court of at

on the day of next by
the clock in the forenoon of the same day, there to answer a charge now pending before the said Court, and after such charge has been disposed of or the said Court has dispensed with his further attendance cause him to be conveyed under safe and sure conduct back to the said prison.
The day of
A.B.
(Countersigned) C. D.

(INDIA ACT IX, 1894.)
(1st July, 1894.)

CHAPTER I.

PRELIMINARY.

1-2. * * * *

3. In this Act—

(1) “prison” means any jail or place used permanently or temporarily under the general or special orders of the Governor for the detention of prisoners, and includes all lands and buildings appurtenant thereto, but does not include—

(a) any place for the confinement of prisoners who are exclusively in the custody of the police ;

(b) any place specially appointed by the Governor under section 541 of the Code of Criminal Procedure ; or

(c) any place which has been declared by the Governor, by general or special order, to be a subsidiary jail:

(2) “criminal prisoner” means any prisoner duly committed to custody under the writ, warrant or order of any Court or authority exercising criminal jurisdiction, or by order of a Court-martial

(3) “convicted criminal prisoner” means any criminal prisoner under sentence of a Court or Court-martial, and includes a person detained in prison under the provisions of Chapter VIII of the Code of Criminal Procedure

(4) “civil prisoner” means any prisoner who is not a criminal prisoner :

(5) “remission system” means the rules for the time being in force regulating the award of marks to, and the consequent shortening of sentences of, prisoners in jails :

(6) “history-ticket” means the ticket exhibiting such information as is required in respect of each prisoner by this Act or the rules thereunder :

(7) “Inspector General” means the Inspector General of Prisons:

(8) “Medical Subordinate” means an Assistant Surgeon, Apothecary or qualified Hospital Assistant : and

(9) “prohibited article” means an article the introduction or removal of which into or out of a prison is prohibited by any rule under this Act.

CHAPTER II.
MAINTENANCE AND OFFICERS OF PRISONS.

4. The Governor shall provide, for the prisoners in British Burma, accommodation in prisons constructed and regulated in such manner as to comply with the requisitions of this Act in respect of the separation of prisoners.

5. An Inspector General shall be appointed for British Burma, and shall exercise, subject to the orders of the Governor, the general control and superintendence of all prisons situated in British Burma.

6. For every prison there shall be a Superintendent, a Medical Officer (who may also be the Superintendent), a Medical Subordinate, a Jailer and such other officers as the Governor thinks necessary.

7. Whenever it appears to the Inspector General that the number of prisoners in any prison is greater than can conveniently or safely be kept therein, and it is not convenient to transfer than excess number to some other prison, or whenever from the outbreak of epidemic disease within any prison, or for any other reason, it is desirable to provide for the temporary shelter and safe custody of any prisoners, provision shall be made, by such officer and in such manner as the Governor may direct, for the shelter and safe custody in temporary prisons of so many of the prisoners as cannot be conveniently or safely kept in the prison.

CHAPTER III.
DUTIES OF OFFICERS.

Generally.

8. All officers of a prison shall obey the directions of the Superintendent ; all officers subordinate to the Jailer shall perform such duties as may be imposed on them by the Jailer with the sanction of the Superintendent or be prescribed by rules under section 59.

9. No officer of a prison shall sell or let, nor shall any person in trust for or employed by him sell or let, or derive any benefit from selling or letting, any article to any prisoner or have any money or other business dealings directly or indirectly with any prisoner.

10. No officer of a prison shall, nor shall any person in trust for or employed by him, have any interest, direct or in direct, in any contract for the supply of the prison ; nor shall he derive any benefit directly or indirectly, from the sale or purchase of any article on behalf of the prison or belonging to a prisoner.

Superintendent.

11. (1) Subject to the orders of the Inspector General, the Superintendent shall manage the prison in all matters relating to discipline, labour, expenditure, punishment and control.

(2) Subject to such general or special directions as may be given by the Governor, the Superintendent of a prison other than a central prison shall obey all orders not inconsistent with this Act or any rule thereunder which may be given respecting the prison by the District Magistrate, and shall report to the Inspector General all such orders and the action taken thereon.

12. The Superintendent shah keep, or cause to be kept, the following records :

(1) a register of prisoners admitted

(2) a book showing when each prisoner is to be released

(3) a punishment-book for the entry of the punishments inflicted on prisoners-
for prison-offences ;

(4) a visitors’ book for the entry of any observations made by the visitors touching any matters connected with the administration of the prison ;

(5) a record of the honey and other articles taken from prisoners ; and all such other records as may be prescribed by rules under section 59.

Medical Officer.

13. Subject to the control of the Superintendent the Medical Officer shall have charge of the sanitary administration of the prison, and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by rules made by the Governor under Section 59.

14. Whenever the Medical Officer has reason to believe that the mind of a prisoner is, or is likely to lie, injuriously affected by the discipline or treatment to which lie is subjected, the Medical Officer shall report the case in writing to the Superintendent, together with such observations as lie may think proper.

This report, with the orders of the Superintendent thereon, shall forthwith be sent to the Inspector General for information.

15. On the death of ally prisoner, the Medical Officer shall forthwith record in a register the following particulars, so far as they can be ascertained, namely :—

(1) the day on which the deceased first complained of illness or was observed to be ill,

(2) the labour, if any, on which lie was engaged 0n that day,

(3) the scale of his diet on that day,

(4) the day on which he was admitted to hospital,

(5) the (lay on which the Medical Officer was first informed of tile illness,

(6) the nature of the disease,

(7) when the deceased was last seen before his death by the Medical Officer or Medical Subordinate,

(8) when the prisoner died, and

(9) (in cases where a post-mortem examination is made) an account of the appearances after death, together with any special remarks that appear to the Medical Officer to be required.

Jailer.

16. (1) The Jailer shall reside in the prison, unless the Superintendent permits him in writing to reside elsewhere.

(2) The Jailer shall not, without the Inspector General’s sanction in writing, be concerned in any other employment.

17. Upon the death of a prisoner, the Jailer shall give immediate notice thereof to the Superintendent and the Medical Subordinate.

18. The Jailer shall be responsible for the safe custody of the records to be kept under section 12, for the commitment warrants and all other documents confided to his care, and for the money and other articles taken from prisoners.

19. The Jailer shall not be absent from the prison for a night without permission in writing from the Superintendent; but, if absent without leave for a night from unavoidable necessity, he shall immediately report tile fact and the cause of it to the Superintendent.

20. Where a Deputy Jailer or Assistant Jailer is appointed to a prison, he shall, subject to the orders of the Superintendent, be competent to perform any of the duties, and be subject to all the responsibilities, of a Jailer under this Act or my rule thereunder.

Subordinate Officers.

21. The officer acting as gate-keeper, or any other officer of the prison, may examine anything carried in or out of the prison, and may stop and search or cause to be searched any person suspected of bringing any prohibited article into or out f the prison, or of carrying out any property belonging to the prison, and, if any such article or property be found, shall give immediate notice thereof to the Jailer.

22. Officers subordinate to the Jailer shall not be absent from the prison without leave from the Superintendent or from the Jailer.

23. Prisoners who have been appointed as officers of prisons shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of the Penal Code.

CHAPTER IV.
ADMISSION, REMOVAL AND DISCHARGE OF PRISONERS.

24. (1) Whenever a prisoner is admitted into prison, he shah be searched, and all weapons and prohibited articles shall be taken from him.

(2) Every criminal prisoner shall also, as soon as possible after admission, be examined under the general or special orders of the Medical Officer, who shall enter or cause to be entered in a book, to be kept by tile Jailer, a record of the state of the prisoner’s health, and of any wounds or marks on his person, the class of labour he is fit for if sentenced to rigorous imprisonment, and any observations which the Medical Officer thinks fit to add.

(3) In the case of female prisoners the search and examination shall be carried out by the matron under the general or special orders of the Medical Officer.

25. All money or other articles in respect whereof no order of a competent Court has been made, and which may with proper authority be brought into the prison by any criminal prisoner or sent to the prison for his use, shall be placed in the custody of the Jailer.

26. (1) All prisoners, previously to being removed to any other prison, shall be examined by the Medical Officer.

(2) No prisoner shall be removed from one prison to another unless the Medical Officer certifies that the prisoner is free from any illness rendering him unfit for removal,

(3) No prisoner shall be discharged against his will from prison, if labouring under any acute or dangerous distemper, nor until, in the opinion of the Medical Officer, such discharge is safe.
CHAPTER V
DISCIPLINE OF PRISONERS.

27. The requisitions of this Act with respect to the separation of prisoners are as follows —

(1) in a prison containing female as well as male prisoners, the females shall be imprisoned in separate buildings, or separate parts of the same building, in such manner as to prevent their seeing, or conversing or holding any intercourse with, time male prisoners;

(2) in a prison where male prisoners under the age of eighteen are confined, means shall be provided for separating them altogether from the other prisoners and for separating those of them who have arrived at the age of puberty from those who have not ;

(3) unconvicted criminal prisoners shall be kept apart from convicted criminal prisoners ; and

(4) civil prisoners shah be kept apart from criminal prisoners.

28. Subject to tile requirements of the last foregoing section, convicted criminal prisoners may be confined either in association or individually in cells or partly in one way and partly in time other.

29. No cell shall be used for solitary confinement unless it is furnished with the means of enabling the prisoner to communicate at any time with an officer of the prison, and every prisoner so confined in a cell for more than twenty-four hours, whether as a punishment or otherwise, shall be visited at least once a day by the Medical Officer or Medical Subordinate.

30. (1) Every prisoner under sentence of death shall, immediately on his arrival in the prison after sentence, be searched by, or by order of, the Jailer and all articles shall be taken from him which the Jailer deems it dangerous or inexpedient to leave in his possession.

(2) Every such prisoner shall be confined in a cell apart from all other prisoners, and shall be placed by day and by night under the charge of a guard.

CHAPTER VI.
FOOD, CLOTHING AND BEDDING OF CIVIL AND UNCONVICTED CRIMINAL
PRISONERS.

31. A civil prisoner or an unconvicted criminal prisoner shah be permitted to maintain himself, and to purchase or receive from private sources at proper hours food, clothing, bedding or other necessaries, but subject to examination and to such rules as may be approved by the Inspector-General.

32. No part of any food, clothing, bedding or other necessaries belonging to any civil or unconvicted criminal prisoner shall be given, hired or sold to any other prisoner; and any prisoner transgressing the provisions of this section shall lose the privilege of purchasing food or receiving it from private sources, for such time as the Superintendent thinks proper.

33. (1) Every civil prisoner and unconvicted criminal prisoner unable to provide himself with sufficient clothing and bedding shall be supplied by the Superintendent with such clothing and bedding as may be necessary.

(2) When any civil prisoner has been committed to prison in execution of a decree in favour of a private person, such person, or his representative, shall, within forty-eight hours after the receipt by him of a demand in writing, pay to the Superintendent the cost of the clothing and bedding so supplied to the prisoner; and in default of such payment the prisoner may be released.

CHAPTER VII.
EMPLOYMENT OF PRISONERS.

34. (1) Civil prisoners may, with the Superintendent’s permission, work and follow any trade or profession.

(2) Civil prisoners finding their own implements, and not maintained at the expense of the prison, shall be allowed to receive the whole of their earnings; but the earnings of such as are furnished with implements or are maintained at the expense of the prison shall be subject to a deduction, to be determined by the Superintendent, for the use of implements and the cost of maintenance.

35. (1) No criminal prisoner sentenced to labour or employed on labour at his own desire shall, except on an emergency with the sanction in writing of the Superintendent, be kept to labour for more than nine hours in any one day.

(2) The Medical Officer shall from time to time examine the labouring prisoners while they are employed, and shall at least once in every fortnight cause to be recorded upon the history-ticket of each prisoner employed on labour the weight of such prisoner at the time.

(3) When the Medical Officer is of opinion that time health of any prisoner suffers from employment on any kind or class of labour, such prisoner shall not be employed on that labour but shall he placed on such other kind or class of labour is the Medical Officer may consider suited for him.

36. Provision shall be made by the Superintendent for the employment (as long as they so desire) of all criminal prisoners sentenced to simple imprisonment; but no prisoner not sentenced to rigorous imprisonment shall be punished for neglect of work excepting by such alteration in the scale of diet as may be established by the rules of the prison in the case of neglect of work by such a prisoner.

CHAPTER VIII.
HEALTH OF PRISONERS.

37. (1) The names of prisoners desiring to see the Medical Subordinate or appearing out of health in mind or body shall, without delay, be reported by the officer in immediate charge of such prisoners to the Jailer.

(2) The Jailer shall, without delay, call the attention of the Medical Subordinate to any prisoner desiring to see him, or who is ill, or whose state of mind or body appears to require attention, and shall carry into effect all written directions given by the Medical Officer or Medical Subordinate respecting alterations of the discipline or treatment of any such prisoner.

38. All directions given by the Medical Officer or Medical Subordinate in relation to any prisoner, with the exception of orders for the supply of medicines or directions relating to such matters as are carried into effect by the Medical Officer himself or under his superintendence, shall be entered day by day in the prisoner’s history-ticket or in such other record as the President of the Union may by rule direct, and the Jailer shall make an entry in its proper place stating in respect of each direction the fact of its having been or not having been complied with, accompanied by such observations, if any, as the Jailer thinks fit to make, and the date of the entry.

39. In every prison a hospital or proper place for the reception of sick prisoners shall be provided.

CHAPTER IX.
VISITS TO PRISONERS.

40. Due provision shall be made for the admission, at proper times and under proper restrictions, into every prison of persons with whom civil or unconvicted criminal prisoners may desire to communicate, care being taken that, so far as may be consistent with the interests of justice, prisoners under trial may see their duly qualified legal advisers without the presence of any other person.

41. (1) The Jailer may demand the name and address of any visitor to a prisoner, and, when the Jailer has any ground for suspicion, may search any visitor, or cause him to be searched, but the search shall not be made in the presence of my prisoner or of another visitor.

(2) In case of any such visitor refusing to permit himself to be searched, the Jailer may deny him admission; and the grounds of such proceeding, with the particulars thereof, shall be entered in such record as the President of the Union may direct.

CHAPTER X.
OFFENCES IN RELATION TO PRISONS.

42. Whoever, contrary to any rule under section 59, introduces or removes, or attempts by any means whatever to introduce or remove, into or from any prison, or supplies or attempts to supply to any prisoner outside the limits of a prison, any prohibited article, and every officer of a prison who, contrary to any such rule, knowingly suffers any such article to be introduced into or removed from any prison, to be possessed by any prisoner, or to be supplied to any prisoner outside the limits of a prison, and whoever, contrary to any such rule, communicates or attempts to communicate with any prisoner, and whoever abets any offence made punishable by this section, shall, on conviction before a Magistrate, be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to fine not exceeding two hundred rupees, or to both.

43. When any person, in the presence of any officer of a prison, commits any offence specified in the last foregoing section, and refuses on demand of such officer to state his name and residence, or gives a name or residence which such officer knows, or has reason to believe, to be false, such officer may arrest him, and shall without unnecessary delay make him over to a Police-officer, and thereupon such police-officer shall proceed as if the offence had been committed in his presence.

44. The Superintendent shall cause to be affixed, in a conspicuous place outside the prison, a notice in English and the vernacular setting forth the acts prohibited under section 42 and the penalties incurred by their commission.

CHAPTER XI.
PRISON-OFFENCES.

45. The following acts are declared to be prison-offences when committed by a prisoner ; —

(1) such willful disobedience to any regulation of the prison as shall have been declared by rules made under section 59 to be a prison-offence;

(2) any assault or use of criminal force;

(3) the use of insulting or threatening language;

(4) immoral or indecent or disorderly behaviour;

(5) wilfully disabling himself from labour;

(6) contumaciously refusing to work;

(7) filing, cutting, altering or removing handcuffs, fetters or bars without due authority;

(8) willful idleness or negligence at work by any prisoner sentenced to rigorous imprisonment;

(9) willful mismanagement of work by any prisoner sentenced to rigorous imprisonment;

(10) willful damage to prison-property;

(11) tampering within or defacing history-tickets, records or documents;

(12) receiving, possessing or transferring any prohibited article;

(13) feigning illness;

(14) willfully bringing a false accusation against any officer or prisoner;

(15) omitting or refusing to report, as soon as it comes to his knowledge, time occurrence of any fire, any plot or conspiracy, any escape, attempt or preparation to escape, and any attack or preparation for attack upon any prisoner or prison-official ; and

(16) conspiring to escape, or to assist in escaping, or to commit any other of the offences aforesaid.

46. The Superintendent may examine any person touching any such offence, and determine thereupon, and punish such offence by—

(1) a formal warning;

Explanation.— A formal warning shall mean a warning personally addressed to a prisoner by the Superintendent and recorded in the punishment¬ book and on the prisoner’s history-ticket ;

(2) change of labour to some more irksome or severe form for such period as may be prescribed by rules made by the President of the Union;

(3) hard labour for a period not exceeding seven days in the case of convicted criminal prisoners not sentenced to rigorous imprisonment;

(4) such loss of privileges admissible under the remission system for the time being in force as may be prescribed by rules made by the President of the Union;

(5) the substitution of gunny or other coarse fabric for clothing of other material, not being woolen, for a period which shall not exceed three months;

(6) imposition of handcuffs of such pattern and weight, in such manner and for such period, as may be prescribed by rules made by the President of the Union;

(7) imposition of fetters of such pattern and weight, in such manner and for such period, as may be prescribed by rules made by the President of the Union;

(8) separate confinement for any period not exceeding three months;

Explanation.— Separate confinement means such confinement with or without labour as secludes a prisoner from communication with, but not from sight of, other prisoners, and allows him not less than one hour’s exercise per diem and to have his meals in association with one or more other prisoners;

(9) penal diet,—that is, restriction of diet in such manner amid subject to such conditions regarding labour as may be prescribed by the President of the Union;

Provided that such restriction of diet shall in no case be applied to a prisoner for more than ninety-six consecutive hours, and shah not be repeated except for a fresh offence nor until after an interval of one week;

(10) cellular confinement for any period not exceeding fourteen days :
Provided that after each period of cellular confinement an interval of not less duration than such period must elapse before the prisoner is again sentenced to cellular or solitary confinement;

Explanation.—Cellular confinement means such confinement within or’ without labour as entirely secludes a prisoner from communication with, but not from sight of, other prisoners ;

(11) penal diet as defined in clause (9) combined with cellular confinement;

(12) whipping, provided that the number of stripes shall not exceed thirty;

Provided that nothing in this section shall render any female or civil prisoner liable to the imposition of any form of handcuffs or fetters, or to whipping.

47. (1) Any two of the punishments enumerated in the last foregoing section may be awarded for any such offence in combination, subject to the following exceptions, namely: —

(1) formal warning shall not be combined with any other punishment except, loss of privileges under clause (4) of that section;

(2) penal diet shall not be combined with change of labour under clause (2) of that section, nor shall any additional period of penal diet awarded singly be combined within any period of penal diet awarded in combination with cellular confinement;

(3) cellular confinement shall not be combined with separate confinement, so as to prolong the total period of seclusion to which the prisoner shall be liable;

(4) whipping shall not be combined with any other form of punishment except cellular and separate confinement and loss of privileges admissible under the remission system;

(5) no punishment shall be combined with any other punishment in contravention of rules made by the President of the Union.

(2) No punishment shall be awarded for any such offence so as to combine, with the punishment awarded for any other such offence, two of the punishments which way not be awarded in combination for any such offence.

48. (1) The Superintendent shall have power to award any of the punishments enumerated in the two last foregoing sections, subject, in the case of separate confinement for a period exceeding one month, to the previous confirmation of the Inspector-General.

(2) No officer subordinate to the Superintendent shall have power to award any punishment whatever.

49. Except by order of a Court of Justice, no punishment other than the punishments specified in the foregoing sections shall be inflicted on any prisoner, and no punishment shall be inflicted on any prisoner otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of those sections.

50. (1) No punishment of penal diet, either singly or in combination, or of whipping, or of change of labour under section 46, clause (2), shall be executed until the prisoner to whom such punishment has been awarded has been examined by the Medical Officer, who, if he considers the prisoner fit to undergo the punishment, shall certify accordingly in the appropriate column of the punishment-book prescribed in section 12.

(2) If he considers the prisoner unfit to undergo the punishment, he shall in like manner record his opinion in writing and shall state whether the prisoner is absolutely unfit for punishment of the kind awarded, or whether he considers any modification necessary.

(3) In the latter case he shall state what extent of punishment he thinks the prisoner can undergo without injury to his health.

51. (1) In the punishment-book prescribed in section 12 there shall be recorded, in respect of every punishment inflicted, time prisoner’s name, register number and the class (whether habitual or not) to which he belongs, the prison-offence of which he was guilty, the date on which such prison-offence was committed, the number of previous prison-offences recorded against the prisoner, and the date of his last prison-offence, time punishment awarded, and the date of infliction.

(2) In the case of every serious prison-offence, the names of the witnesses proving the offence shall be recorded, and, in the case of offences for which whipping is awarded, the Superintendent shall record the substance of the evidence of the witnesses, the defence of the prisoner, and the finding with the reasons therefor.

(3) Against time entries relating to each punishment the Jailer and, Superintendent shall affix their initials as evidence of the correctness of the entries.

52. If any prisoner is guilty of any offence against prison-discipline which person of his having frequently committed such offences or otherwise, in the opinion of the Superintendent is not adequately punishable by the infliction of any punishment which he has power under this Act to award, the Superintendent may forward such prisoner to the Court of the District Magistrate or of any Magistrate of the first class having jurisdiction, together with a statement of the circumstances, and such Magistrate shall thereupon inquire into and try the charge so brought against the prisoner, and, upon conviction, may sentence him to imprisonment which may extend to one year, such term to be in addition to any term for which such prisoner was undergoing imprisonment when he committed such offence, or may sentence him to any of the punishments enumerated in section 46:

Provided that any such case may be transferred for inquiry and trial by the District Magistrate to any Magistrate of the first class: and

Provided also that no person shall be punished twice for the same offence.

53. (1) No punishment of whipping shall be inflicted in installments, or except in the presence of the Superintendent and Medical Officer or Medical Subordinate.

(2) Whipping shall be inflicted within a light ratan not less than half an inch in diameter on time buttocks, and in case of prisoners under the age of sixteen it shall be inflicted, in the way of school discipline, with a lighter ratan.

54. (1) Every Jailer or officer of a prison subordinate to him who shall be guilty of any violation of duty or willful breach or neglect of any rule or regulation or lawful order made by competent authority, or who shall withdraw from the duties of his office without permission or without having given previous notice in writing of his intention for the period of two months, or who shall willfully overstay any leave granted to him, or who shall engage without authority in any employment other than his prison-duty, or who shall be guilty of cowardice, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to fine not exceeding two hundred rupees, or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months, or to both.

(2) No person shall under this section be punished twice for the same offence.

CHAPTER XII.
MISCELLANEOUS.

55. A prisoner, when being taken to or from any prison in which he may be lawfully confined, or whenever he is working outside or is otherwise beyond the limits of any such prison in or under the lawful custody or control of a prison-officer belonging to such prison, shall be deemed to be in prison and shall be subject to all the same incidents as if he were actually in prison.

56. Whenever the Superintendent considers it necessary (within reference either to the state of the prison or the character of the prisoners) for the safe custody of any prisoners that they should be confined in irons, he may, subject to such rules and instructions as may be laid down by the Inspector-General with the sanction of the President of the Union, so confine them.

57. (1) Prisoners under sentence of transportation may, subject to any rules made under section ¹[59], be confined in fetters for the first three months after admission to prison.

(2) Should the Superintendent consider it necessary, either for the safe custody of the prisoner himself or for any other reason, that fetters should be retained on any such prisoner for more than three months, he shall apply to the Inspector-General for sanction to their retention for the period for which he considers their retention necessary, and the Inspector-General may sanction such retention accordingly.

58. No prisoner shall be put in irons or under mechanical restraint by the Jailer of his own authority, except in case of urgent necessity, in which case notice hereof shall be forthwith given to the Superintendent.

59. The President of the Union may make rules consistent within this Act—

(1) defining the acts which shall constitute prison-offences;

(2) determining the classification of prison-offences into serious and minor offences;

(3) fixing the punishments admissible under this Act which shall be awardable for commission of prison-offences or classes thereof;

(4) declaring the circumstances in which acts constituting both a prison-offence and an offence under the Penal Code may or may not be dealt with as a prison-offence;

(5) for the award of marks and the shortening of sentences;

(6) regulating the use of arms against any prisoner or body of prisoners in the case of an outbreak or attempt to escape;

(7) defining the circumstances and regulating the conditions under which prisoners in danger of death may be released;

(8) for the classification of prisons, and description and construction of wards, cells and other places of detention;

(9) for the regulation by numbers, length or character of sentences, or otherwise, of the prisoners to be confined in each class of prisons;

(10) for the government of prisons and for the appointment of all officers appointed under this Act;

(11) as to the food, bedding and clothing of criminal prisoners and of civil prisoners maintained otherwise than at their own costs;

(12) for the employment, instruction and control of convicts within or without prisons;

(13) for defining articles the introduction or removal of which into or out of prisons without due authority is prohibited;

(14) for classifying and prescribing the forms of labour and regulating the periods of rest from labour;

(15) for regulating the disposal of the proceeds of the employment of prisoners;

(16) for regulating the confinement in fetters of prisoners sentenced to transportation;

(17) for the classification and the separation of prisoners;

(18) for regulating the confinement of convicted criminal prisoners under section 28;

(19) for the preparation and maintenance of history-tickets;

(20 ) for the selection and appointment of prisoners as officers of prisons;

(21) for rewards for good conduct;

(22) for regulating the transfer of prisoners whose term of transportation or imprisonment is about to expire;

(23) for the treatment, transfer and disposal of criminal lunatics or recovered criminal lunatics confined in prisons;

(24) for regulating the transmission of appeals and petitions from prisoners and their communications with their friends;

(25) for the appointment and guidance of visitors of prisons;

(26) for extending any or all of the provisions of this Act and of the rules thereunder to subsidiary jails or special places of confinement appointed under section 541 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and to the officers employed, and the prisoners confined, therein;

(27) in regard to the admission, custody, employment, dieting, treatment and release of prisoners ; and

(28) generally for carrying into effect the purposes of this Act.

60. * * * *

61. Copies of rules under section 59, so far as they affect the government of prisons, shall be exhibited, both in English and in the vernacular, in some place to which all persons employed within a prison have access.

62. All or any of the powers and duties conferred and imposed by this Act on a Superintendent or Medical Officer may in his absence be exercised and performed by such other officer as the President of the Union may appoint in this behalf either by name or by his official designation.

(INDIA ACT XXXVII, 1850.)
(1st November, 1850.)


1. * * * *

2. Wherever the Governor shall be of opinion that there are good grounds for making a formal and public inquiry into the truth of any imputation of misbehavior by any person in the service of the Crown not removable from his appointment without the sanction the Governor, he shall cause the substance of the imputations to distinct articles of charge, and shall order a formal and public inquiry and into the truth thereof.

3. The Inquiry may be committed either to the Court, Board or other authority to which person accused is subordinate, or to any other person or persons, to be specially appointed by the Governor commissioners for the purpose: notice of which commission shall be given to the person accused ten days at least before the beginning of the inquiry.

4. When the Governor shall think fit to conduct the prosecution, he shall nominate some person to conduct the same on his behalf.

5. When the charge shall be brought by an accuser, the Governor shall require the accusation to be reduced to writing, and verified by the oath or solemn affirmation of the accuser; and every person who shall willfully and maliciously make any false accusation under this Act, upon such oath or affirmation, shall be liable to the penalties of perjury, but this enactment shall not be construed to prevent Governor from instituting any inquiry which he shall think fit, without such ace accusation on oath or solemn affirmation as aforesaid.

6. Where the imputations shall have been made by an accuser, and the Governor shall think fit to leave to him the conduct of the prosecution, the Governor before appointing the commission shall require him to furnish reasonable security that he will attend and prosecute the charge thoroughly and effectually, and also will be forthcoming to answer any counter-charge or action which may be afterwards brought against him for malicious prosecution or perjury or subornation of perjury as the case may be.

7. At any subsequent stage of the proceedings, the Governor may, if he think fit, abandon the prosecution, and in such case may, if he think fit, on the application of the accuser, allow him to continue the prosecution, if lie is desirous of so doing on his furnishing such security as is hereinbefore mentioned.

8. The commissioners shall have the same power of punishing contempt and obstructions to their proceedings as is given to civil and criminal Courts by the Code of Criminal Procedure, and shall have the same powers for the summons of witnesses, and for compelling the production of documents, and for the discharge of their duty under the commission, and shall be entitled to the same protection as the District Judge, except that all process to cause the attendance of witness or other compulsory process, shall be served through and executed in Rangoon by the Court of Small Causes and elsewhere by the District Court in whose jurisdiction the witness or other person resides, on whom the process is to be served. When the commission has been issued to a Court, or other person or persons having power issue such process in the exercise of their ordinary authority, they may also use all such power for the purposes of the commission.

9. All persons disobeying any lawful process issued as aforesaid for the purposes of the commission shall be liable to the same penalties as if the same had issue originally from the Court or other authority through whom it is executed.

10. A copy of the articles of charge, and list of the documents and witnesses by which each charge is to be sustained, shall be delivered to the person accused at least three days before the beginning of the inquiry, exclusive of the day of delivery and the first day of the inquiry.

11. At the beginning of the inquiry the prosecutor shall exhibit the articles of charge to the commissioners, which shall be openly read, and the person accused shall thereupon be required to plead "guilty" or "not guilty" to each of them, which pleas shall be forthwith recorded with the articles of charge. If the person accused refuses, or without reasonable cause neglects, to appear to answer the charge either personally or by his counsel or agent, he shall be taken to admit the truth of the articles of charge.

12. The prosecutor shall then be entitled to address the commissioners in of the articles of charge, and of the evidence by which they are to be proved: his address shall not be recorded.

13. The oral and documentary evidence for the prosecution shall then exhibited: the witnesses shall be examined by or on behalf of the prosecutor and may be cross-examined by or on behalf of the person accused. The prosecutor shall be entitled to re-examine the witnesses on any points on which they have been cross-examine, but not on any new matter without leave of the commissioners, who also may put such questions as they think fit.

14. If it shall appear necessary before the close of the case for the prosecution, the commissioners may in their discretion allow the prosecutor to exhibit evidence not included in the list given to the person accused, or may themselves call for new evidence; and in such case the person accused shall be entitled to have, if he demand it, an adjournment of the proceedings for three clear days before the exhibition of evidence exclusive of the day of adjournment and of the day to which the proceedings are adjourned.

15. When the case for the prosecution is closed, the person accused shall be required to make his defence, orally or in writing, as he shall prefer. If made orally, it shall not be recorded; if made in writing, it shall be recorded, after being and in that case a copy shall be given at the same time to the prosecutor.

16. The evidence for the defence shall then be exhibited, and the witnesses examined, who shall be liable to cross-examination and re-examination and to examination by the commissioners according to the like rules as the witnesses for the prosecution.

17. * * * *

18. The commissioners or some person appointed by them shall take notes in English of all the oral evidence, which shall be read aloud to each witness by whom the same was given, and, if necessary, explained to him in the language in which was given, and shall be recorded with the proceedings.

19. If the person accused makes only an oral defence, and exhibits no evidence, the enquiry shall end with his defence; if he records a written defence, or exhibits evidence, the prosecutor shall be entitled to a general oral reply on the whole case, and may also exhibit evidence to contradict any evidence exhibited for the defence,in which case the person accused shall not be entitled to any adjournment of the proceedings although such new evidence were not included in the list furnished to him.

20. When the commissioner shall be of opinion that the articles of charge of any of them are not drawn with. sufficient clearness and precision, the commissioners may their discretion, require the same to be amended, and may thereupon, on the application of the person accused, adjourn the inquiry for reasonable time. The commissioners may also, if they think fit, adjourn the inquiry from time to time on the application of either the prosecutor or the person accused, on the ground of sickness or unavoidable absence of any witness or other reasonable cause. When application is made and refused, the commissioners shall record the application, their reasons for refusing to comply with it.

21. After the close of the inquiry the commissioners shall forthwith report to the Governor their proceedings under the commission, and shall send with the record thereof their opinion upon each of the articles of charge separately, with such observations as they think fit on the whole case.

22. The Governor, on consideration of the report of the commissioners order them to take further evidence, or give further explanation of their opinions. He may also order additional articles of charge to be framed, in which case the inquiry into the truth of such additional articles shall be made in the same manner as is herein directed with respect to the original charges. When special commissioners have been appointed, the Governor may also, if he thinks fit, refer the report of the commissioners to the Court or other authority to which the person accused is sub-ordinate, for their opinion on the case; and will finally pass such orders thereon as appear just and consistent with his powers in such cases.

23-24. * * * *

25. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect the authority of the Governor for suspending or removing any public servant for any cause without an inquiry under this Act.¹

[BURMA ACT VII, 1940.]
(28th March, 1940.)


1. This Act shall come into force on the 28th March, 1940.

2. In this Act-

(a) "Foreigner" means a foreigner as defined in the Foreigners Act: provided that the following shall not be deemed to be foreigners for the purposes of this Act-

(i) a person duly appointed by a foreign Government to exercise diplomatic functions ; or

(ii) a consul or a vice-consul ;
²[ * * * * *]




(b) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act :

(c) “vessel” includes all sea craft, river craft and aircraft.

3. The President of the Union may by notification make rules¹ with respect to foreigners for any or all of the following purposes, that is to say—

(a) for requiring any foreigner entering, or being present in, The Union of Burma to report his presence to a prescribed authority within such time and in such manner and with such particulars as may be prescribed ;

(b) for requiring any foreigner moving from one place to another place in The Union of Burma to report, on arrival at such other place, his presence to a prescribed authority within such time and in such manner and with such particulars as may be prescribed ;

(c) for requiring any foreigner who is about to leave The Union of Burma to report the date of his intended departure and such other particulars as may be prescribed to such authority and within such period before departure as may be prescribed ;

(d) for requiring any foreigner entering, being present in, or departing from, The Union of Burma to produce, on demand by a prescribed authority, such proof of his identity as may be prescribed ;

(e) for requiring any person having the management of any hotel, boardinghouse, or any other premises of like nature—

(i) to record particulars of any person residing therein, and

(ii) in the case of foreigners, to report such particulars to such authority as may be prescribed, in accordance with prescribed conditions;

(f) for requiring any person in charge of any vessel or other conveyance to furnish to a prescribed authority such information as may be prescribed regarding any person entering, or intending to depart from, The Union of Burma in such vessel or other conveyance, and to furnish to such authority such assistance as may be necessary or prescribed for giving effect to this Act ; and

(g) generally for carrying out the purposes of this Act.

4. If any question arises with reference to this Act or any rule made thereunder whether any person is or is not a foreigner, or is or is not a foreigner of a particular class of description, the onus of proving that such person is not a foreigner or is not a foreigner of such particular class or description, as the case may be, shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the Evidence Act, lie upon such person.

²5. (1) Any person who contravenes, or attempts to contravene, or fails to comply with, any provision of this Act or of any rule made thereunder shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.

(2) A foreigner convicted under sub-section (1) may, in addition to the punishment prescribed in the said sub-section, be deported by an order of the President, or of such authority as may be appointed by him in that behalf.

¹(3) Any foreigner who has been ordered to be deported under sub-section (2) may be apprehended without warrant by any police officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector and brought before the District Magistrate who shall, by an order in writing, cause the said foreigner to be detained in safe custody pending the completion of arrangements for his removal out of the Union of Burma.

¹ (4) Any foreigner apprehended and detained under the provisions of sub-section (3) may be admitted to bail by the District Magistrate.

¹ (5) Every order of deportation made under sub-section (2) shall remain in force until it is revoked by the President of the Union.

¹ (6) If any foreigner against whom order of deportation has been issued fails to comply with the order in any respect, or having left The Union of Burma re-enters the Union of Burma without the permission in writing of the President of the Union while the order is still in force, he shall be liable to imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years or to fine or to both and shall in addition to such penalty be liable to be deported again from the Union of Burma in pursuance of the order.

6. The President of the Union may, by order, ² declare that any or all of the provisions of the rules made under this Act shall not apply, or shall apply only with such modification or subject to such conditions as may be specified in the said order, to or in relation to any individual foreigner or any class or description of foreigners.

7. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.

8. The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, the provisions of the Foreigners Act and any other law for the time being in force.

³9. The president of the Union of may, by notification, extend this Act to any area within the Union of Burma, in which it is not already in force.

...........................................................
1. For rules under section 3 of this Act see Burma Gazette, 1948, Part I, p. 1583.
2. Subscribed by Act XXVII, 1952.

[INDIA ACT III, 1864.] (12th February, 1864.)

WHEREAS it is expedient to make provision to enable the President of the Union to prevent the subjects of Foreign States from residing or sojourning in Union of Burma, or from passing through or traveling therein, without the consent of the President of the Union ; it is enacted as follows : -

¹1. In this Act, unless the contest otherwise requires, the word "foreigner" shall denote a person who is not a citizen of the Union. -

2. If a question shall arise whether any person alleged to be a foreigner and to be subject to the provisions of this Act is a foreigner or not, or is or is not subject to the provisions of this Act, the onus of proving that such person is not a foreigner, or is not subject to the provisions of this Act, shall lie upon such person.

²3. The President of the Union may, by writing,---

(a) order any foreigner to remove himself from the Union of Burma, or to remove himself there from by a particular route to be specified in the order, or

(b) order that any foreigner be deported forthwith from the Union of Burma.

3-A. (I) Whenever the District Magistrate considers that the President of the Union should be moved to issue an order under section 3 in respect of any foreigner who is within the limits of the jurisdiction of such Magistrate, he may report the case to the President of the Union and at the same time issue a warrant for the apprehension of such foreigner.

(2) Any officer issuing a warrant under sub-section (1) may, in his discretion, direct by endorsement on the warrant that if such foreigner executes a bond with or without sureties for his attendance at a specified place and time, the person to whom the warrant is directed shall take such security and release such foreigner from custody.

(3) Any person executing a warrant under sub-section (1) may search for and apprehend the foreigner named in such warrant ; and, subject to any direction issued under sub-section (2), shall forthwith cause such foreigner when apprehended to be produced before the officer issuing the warrant.

(4) When a foreigner for whose apprehension a warrant has been issued under sub section (1) is produced or appears before the officer issuing such warrant, such officer may direct him to be detained in custody pending the orders of the President of the Union, or may release him on his executing a bond with or without sureties to appear at a specified place and time and thereafter if and when required until such orders are obtained.

(5) Any officer who has in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (4), ordered a foreigner to be detained or released on his executing a bond shall forthwith report the fact to the President of the Union. On the receipt of a report under this sub-section the President of the Union shall without delay either direct that the foreigner be discharged or order for the removal¹ [or deportation] of such foreigner in accordance with the provision of section 3.

4. (1) If any foreigner ordered to remove himself from the Union of Burma, or ordered to remove himself there from by a particular route, shall neglect or refuse so to do, or if any foreigner, having removed himself from Union of Burma in consequence of an order issued under any of the provisions of this Act, or having been removed from the Union of Burma under any of the said provisions, shall willfully return thereto without a license in writing granted by the President of the Union, such foreigner may be apprehended and detained in safe custody, 4[by an order in writing of the District Magistrate], until he shall be discharged there from by order of the President of the Union upon such terms and conditions as the President of the Union shall deem sufficient for the peace and security of Union of Burma ²[ * * * * ].

³(2) Any foreigner who has been order to be deported under section 3 (b) may be apprehended without warrant by any police-officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector and brought before the District Magistrate who shall, by an order in writing, cause the said foreigner to be detained in safe custody pending the completion of arrangements for his removal out of the Union of Burma.

³(3) Any foreigner apprehended and detained under the provisions of sub-section (1) may be admitted to bail by the District Magistrate.

45. Whenever the President of the Union shall consider it necessary to take further precautions in respect of foreigners residing or traveling in Union of Burma or any part thereof, it shall be lawful for the President of the Union by a notification to order that the provisions of this and the subsequent sections up to and including section 22 of this Act shall be in force in Union of Burma, such part thereof as shall be specified in such notification, for such period as shall be therein declared ; and thereupon, and for such period, the provisions of this and the subsequent sections up to and including sections 22 shall have full force and effect in the Union of Burma or such part thereof as shall have been so specified. The President of the Union may, from time to time, by a notification, cancel or alter any former notification which may still be in force, or may extend the period declared therein:

6. Every foreigner on arriving in any part of the Union of Burma in which all the provisions of this Act are for the time being in force under an order issued as provided in the last preceding section from any port or place not within the Union of Burma, or from any port or place within the Union of Burma where all the provisions of this Act are not in force, shall forthwith report himself to the District Magistrate, or to such other officer as shall be appointed to receive such reports by the President of the Union.

7. The report shall be in writing, and shall be signed by the person reporting himself, and shall specify his name or names, the nation to which he belongs, the place from which he shall have come, the place or places of his destination, the object of his pursuit, and the date of his arrival. The report shall be recorded by the officer to whom it is made.

8. The provisions of the last two preceding sections shall not extend to any person being the master or commander of a vessel or employed therein, but if any such person shall be in any part of the Union of Burma in which all the provisions of this Act are for the time being in force, after he shall have ceased to be actually employed in a vessel, he shall forthwith report himself in manner aforesaid.

9. If any foreigner shall neglect to report himself as required by this Act, he may be dealt with in the manner hereinafter provided in respect of foreigners traveling without a license.

10. No foreigner shall travel in or pass through any part of the Union of Burma in which all the provisions of this Act are for the time being in force without a license.

11. * * * * *

12. Every such license shall state the name of the person to whom the license is granted, the nation to which he belongs, the district or districts through which he is authorized to pass or the limits within which he is authorized to travel, and the period (if any) during which the license is intended to have effect.

13. The license may be granted subject to such conditions as the President of the Union may direct or as the officer granting the license may deem necessary, and may be revoked at any time by the President of the Union or such officer,

14. If any foreigner travel in or attempt to pass through any part of the Union of Burma without such license as aforesaid, or beyond the districts or limits mentioned therein, or after such license shall have been revoked, or shall violate any of the conditions therein specified, he may be apprehended without warrant by any officer exercising any of the powers of a Magistrate, ¹[* * * *] or by any police-officer.

15. ¹[* * * *] Wherever any person shall be apprehended by or taken before the District Magistrate, such Magistrate shall immediately report the case to the President of the Union and shall cause the person brought before him to be discharged or pending the orders of the President of the Union to be detained.

16. Any person apprehended or detained under the provisions of this Act may be admitted to bail by the District Magistrate, or by any officer authorized to grant licenses, and shall be put to as little inconvenience as possible during his detention in custody.

17. The President of the Union may order any person apprehended or detained under the provisions of this Act to remove himself from any part of the Union of Burma in which all the provisions of this Act are for the time being in force, by sea or by such route as the President of the Union may direct; or the President of the Union may cause him to be removed from any such part of the Union of Burma by such route and in such manner as to the President of the Union shall seem fit.

18. The President of the Union may by order prohibit any person or any class of persons ²[not being citizens of the Union] from traveling in or passing through any part of the Union of Burma in which all the provisions of this Act may, for the time being, be in force, and from passing from any part thereof to another without a license to be granted by such officer or officers as shall be specified in the order ; and, if any person so prohibited shall willfully disobey such order, he may be apprehended without warrant by any of the officers specified in section 14 of this Act, and carried before the District Magistrate, and dealt with under the provisions section 17 in the same manner as if he were a foreigner: and the President of the Union may order such person to be detained in safe custody or under the surveillance of the police so long as it may be deemed necessary for the peace and security of the Union of Burma or any part thereof.

19. * * * *

20. It shall be lawful for the Commissioner of Police, or for the District Magistrate, or for any officer appointed to receive reports as mentioned in the sixth section of this Act, or for any police-officer under the authority of such Commissioner or Magistrate, to enter any vessel in any port or place within the Union of Burma in which all the provisions of this Act may, for the time being, be in force, in order to ascertain whether any foreigner bound to report his arrival under the said section 6 of this Act is on board of such vessel ; and it shall be lawful for such Commissioner of Police, Magistrate or other officer as aforesaid to adopt such means as may be reasonably necessary for that purpose; and the master or commander of such vessels shall also, before any of the passengers are allowed to disembark, if he shall be required so to do by such Commissioner of Police, Magistrate, or other officer as aforesaid, deliver to him a list in writing of the passengers on board, specifying the ports or places at which they embarked, and the ports or places of their disembarkation, or intended disembarkation, and answer to the best of his knowledge all such questions touching the passengers on board the said vessel, or touching those who may have disembarked in any part of the Union of Burma, as shall be put to him by the Commissioner of Police, Magistrate, or other officer as aforesaid. If any foreigner on board such vessel in any part of the Union of Burma shall refuse to give an account of his objects of pursuit in Burma, or if his account thereof shall not be satisfactory, the officer may refuse to allow him to disembark, or he may be dealt with in the same manner as a foreigner traveling in the Union of Burma without a license.

21. If the master or commander of a vessel shall willfully give a false answer to any question which by section 20 of this Act he is bound to answer, or shall make any false report, he shall be held to have committed the offence specified in section 177 of the Penal Code.

22. If the master or commander of any vessel shall willfully neglect or refuse to comply with the requisitions of this Act, he shall, on conviction before the District Magistrate, be liable to a fine not exceeding two thousand rupees.

23. Whoever intentionally obstructs any officer in the exercise of any of the powers vested in him by this Act shall be held to have committed the offence specified in section 186 of the Penal Code.

24. * * * *

25. The President of the Union may exempt any person, or any class of persons, either wholly or partially, or temporality or otherwise, from all or any of the provisions of this Act contained in any of the sections subsequent to section 5, and may at any time revoke any such exemption.

¹26. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is good faith done or intend to be done under this Act.
....................................................................................
1. This section was first amended by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948. and subsequently substituted by Act XLII, 1948.

2. Substituted by Act VIII, 1953.

3. Added by Act VIII, 1953.

4. Omitted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.

5. Substituted by ibid.

6. Omitted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.

7. Omitted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.

8. Omitted by the Union of Burma (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1948.

9. Substituted by the same Order.

[INDIA ACT XXXIV, 1920.]
(9th September, 1920.)


1. * * * *

2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, -

"entry " means entry by water, land or air;

"passport"’ means a passport for the time being in force issued or renewed by the prescribed authority and satisfying the conditions prescribed relating to the class of passports to which it belongs; and

"prescribed " means prescribed by rules made under this Act.


3. (1) The President of the Union may make rules¹ requiring that persons entering the Union of Burma shall be in possession of passports, and for all matters ancillary or incidental to that purpose.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power such rules may—

(a) prohibit the entry into the Union of Burma or any part thereof of any person who has not in his possession a passport issued to him;

(b) prescribe the authorities by whom passports must have been issued or renewed, and the conditions with which they must comply, for the purposes of this Act; and

(c) provide for the exemption, either absolutely or on any condition, of any person or class of persons from any provision of such rules.

(3) Rules made under this section may provide that any contravention thereof or of any order issued under the authority of any such rule shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine or with both.

(4) All rules made under this section shall be published in the Gazette, and shall thereupon have effect as if enacted in this Act.

4. (1) Any officer of police, not below the rank of a sub-inspector, and any officer of the Customs Department empowered by a general or special order of the President of the Union in this behalf may arrest without warrant any person who has contravened or against whom a reasonable suspicion exists that he has contravened any rule or order made under section 3.

(2) Every officer making an arrest under this section shall, without unnecessary delay, take or send the person arrested before a Magistrate having jurisdiction in the case or to the officer in charge of the nearest police-station, and the provisions of section 61 of the Code of Criminal Procedure shall, so far as may be, apply in the case of any such arrest.

5. The President of the Union may, by general or special order, direct the removal of any person from the Union of Burma who, in contravention of any rule made under section 3 prohibiting entry into the Union of Burma without a passport, has entered therein, and thereupon any officer of Government shall have all reasonable powers necessary to enforce such direction.

..................................................................
1. For such rules, see Burma Gazette, 1938, Part I, p. 169.
1. Inserted by the Act L, 1953.
2. For exemptions under section 6, see Burma Gazette, 1948, Part I, p. 1596.
3. Inserted by Act XLV, 1950.